基于无人机高光谱遥感在太湖蓝藻水华监测中的一次应用

采用机载高光谱视频相机,在4个季节对太湖蓝藻进行7次、18个架次的有效拍摄。对拍摄到的高光谱影像进行辐射定标、几何拼接等预处理后,提取不同浓度蓝藻和水草等其他物体的高光谱数据,发现不同浓度的蓝藻光谱在680 nm后表现出较大差异。采用主成分分析（PCA）对高光谱数据降维后,结合k-近邻（kNN）分类算法,可实现对蓝藻的精准定位。定性识别结果经光谱预处理后,采用连续投影算法（SPA）进行特征波段提取,发现蓝藻光谱的季节差异主要表现在450 nm~570 nm和760 nm~910 nm波段。     

Spatial scaling between leaf area index maps of different resolutions

We developed algorithms for spatial scaling of leaf area index (LAI) using sub-pixel information. The study area is located near Liping County, Guizhou Province, in China. Methods for LAI spatial scaling were investigated on LAI images with 960 m resolution derived in two ways. LAI from distributed calculation (LAID) was derived using Landsat ETM+ data (30 m), and LAI from lumped calculation (LAIL) was obtained from the coarse (960 m) resolution data derived through resampling the ETM+ data. We found that lumped calculations can be considerably biased compared to the distributed (ETM+) case, suggesting that global and regional LAI maps can be biased if surface heterogeneity within the mapping resolution is ignored. Based on these results, we developed algorithms for removing the biases in lumped LAI maps using sub-pixel land cover-type information, and applied these to correct one coarse resolution LAI product which greatly improved its accuracy.     

Temporal and Spatial Relationships Between Watershed Land Use and Salt Marsh Disturbance in a Pacific Estuary

Historical and recent remote sensing data can be used to address temporal and spatial relationships between upland land cover and downstream vegetation response at the watershed scale. This is demonstrated for sub-watersheds draining into Elkhorn Slough, California, where salt marsh habitat has diminished because of the formation of sediment fans that support woody riparian vegetation. Multiple regression models were used to examine which land cover variables and physical properties of the watershed most influenced sediment fan size within 23 sub-watersheds (1.4 ha to 200 ha). Model explanatory power increased (adjusted R(2) = 0.94 vs. 0.75) among large sub-watersheds (>10 ha) and historical watershed variables, such as average farmland slope, flowpath slope, and flowpath distance between farmland and marsh, were significant. It was also possible to explain the increase in riparian vegetation by historical watershed variables for the larger sub-watersheds. Sub-watershed area is the overriding physical characteristic influencing the extent of sedimentation in a salt marsh, while percent cover of agricultural land use is the most influential land cover variable. The results also reveal that salt marsh recovery depends on relative cover of different land use classes in the watershed, with greater chances of recovery associated with less intensive agriculture. This research reveals a potential delay between watershed impacts and wetland response that can be best revealed when conducting multi-temporal analyses on larger watersheds.     

2021年中国北方首次沙尘天气的多源遥感分析

利用多源遥感数据和NCEP再分析资料,从沙尘源区的地理环境和气候特征出发,对2021年中国北方首次沙尘天气事件每日的大气环流形势以及沙尘的水平,垂直分布特征进行深入的研究分析.结果表明:源区内异常增温,降水稀少的气候背景下致使大面积裸露松散的土壤含水量较低,为大范围,高强度沙尘天气的形成提供了物质基础;频繁活动的冷空气,是沙尘天气爆发的动力因子.沙尘在强风中沿东南方向向下游地区输送和扩散,中国西北,华北,黄淮,江淮,江汉地区和江南北部等地先后受到沙尘天气的影响,空气质量迅速恶化,首要污染物为PM₁₀.此外,沙尘气溶胶东移也波及朝鲜半岛,日本等下游地区.在输送过程中,内陆地区沙尘主要分布在1~6km,而下游地区的沙尘则集中分布在2km高度附近,粒径较大的沙尘出现在近地表的频率较高,较小的颗粒主要分布在对流层中下层.     

基于环境一号卫星的四川盆地气溶胶光学厚度精细化反演

四川盆地为中国灰霾形势较为严重的区域之一,对四川盆地大气灰霾的监测具有十分重要的意义。利用环境一号卫星数据,对能表征大气污染程度的气溶胶光学厚度进行了反演。提出了用EVI植被指数判定暗像元精细化反演气溶胶光学厚度的方法,该方法能较好地去除部分大气影响,气溶胶光学厚度反演结果与CE318的气溶胶光学厚度结果相关性较高,误差较小,具有较高的精度,反演结果满足精细化要求。反演结果表明,四川盆地内有德阳、成都、眉山和乐山4个气溶胶光学厚度高值区,该高值区呈带状分布且与四川盆地的地形密切相关。     

Water Management Applications for Satellite Precipitation Products: Synthesis and Recommendations

This article is an assessment of the current state of the art and relative utility of satellite precipitation products (SPPs) for hydrologic applications to support water management decisions. We present a review of SPPs, their accuracy in diverse settings including the influence of geography, topography, and weather systems, as well as the pros and cons of their use for different water management applications. At the end of this broad synthesizing effort, recommendations are proposed for: (1) SPP developers to improve the quality, usability, and relevance of precipitation products; and (2) SPP users to improve the reliability of their predictions and hydrologic applications to better support water management.     

遥感调查方法在河北省省级自然保护区生态环境变化评估方面的应用研究

河北省省级自然保护区以自然生态系统类型为主,人类活动较为频繁,将遥感评估方法应用于河北省省级自然保护区生态环境变化评估具有重要意义。本文通过分析高分辨率遥感卫星影像的特点,结合河北省省级自然保护区的实际情况,优先选取分辨率为2m的民用卫星,提出了遥感调查方法在自然保护区人类活动和开发建设活动中自动监测、生态系统格局变化、生态系统质量变化以及人类活动干扰程度四方面的评估应用。     

漓江上游植被覆盖度时空变化对地表热场影响

自20世纪80年代以来，桂林漓江由于上游森林遭受破坏出现水生态环境快速恶化的趋势。地表热场的时空变化直接影响森林蒸散及水文效应。因此，对漓江上游1989~2006年5景TM/ETM+卫星图像，利用归一化植被指数反演植被覆盖度，利用单窗算法反演地表温度，提出归一化温度使不同时相地表热场具有可比性，分析植被覆盖度时空变化对地表热场的影响。结果表明，在空间上，地表温度随植被覆盖度的增加而降低，在植被覆盖度很高或很低时，这种影响相对变弱；在时间上，漓江上游1989~2000年植被中、高度覆盖面积从96.1%逐年下降到65.9%，导致归一化地表温度数值较高的像元比例相应增加；2000~2006年植被中、高度覆盖面积逐渐恢复上升到90.8%，但仍略低于1989年，使得归一化地表温度数值较高的像元比例相应减少。植被覆盖可以有效地降低漓江上游地表温度     

矿区生态环境遥感监测数据库系统设计与实现

以肥城矿区为背景,基于Personal Geodatabase模型构建了空间数据库,采用C#作为开发语言,借助ArcGIS Engine的控件开发了矿区生态环境遥感监测数据库系统.根据数据获取方式不同,将空间数据库分为基础地理数据库、专题数据库、实地监测数据库和表格数据库4部分,系统实现了矿区空间数据和属性数据的统一存储和管理,多时相遥感数据的对比分析,水质、土壤湿度的动态监测,矿区各类地物面积的统计分析等功能.     

三峡工程建设前后库区城镇发展与环境变化

利用卫星遥感监测，分析三峡工程建设前后库区城镇发展类型、时空过程，揭示库区城镇变化的驱动力，探索了城镇扩展与人口城镇化关系，研究城镇环境变化特征。三峡库区城镇规模发展不均衡，库尾城市规模庞大，库中、东部区县级城市规模较小，而乡镇的比例占城镇面积24%；在过去15 a中，建城区规模扩大172%，高于全国省会城市发展水平72%；三峡库区城镇规模扩大的同时，东西城镇规模差距逐步缩小，三峡工程建设起着重要的推动作用；城镇发展以侵占了优质耕地资源为代价，耕地占城镇变化83%；城镇用地变化与人口城市化发展不平衡，城镇空间发展快于人口城镇化过程，城镇对农村人口的吸引力不及全国省会城市平均水平，在2007年城市化率低于全国水平13%，差距进一步扩大；城市空间结构发展模式受地形和土地资源的限制，城市分维数和坡度分别增加12%和104°，城市向潜山区扩展或搬迁的同时，城市空间的完整性下降